![]() ![]() ![]() The court doctor of the elder King Jan III Sobieski was an Irishman, Bernard O'Connor. If the heavens allowed a universal monarchy, you would be in control of the world." Although relations between the Austrians and Poles based in Vienna took a turn for the worse, Europe praised the bravery of Polish troops, and in Rome the victory celebrations lasted a whole month! In her congratulatory letter, the Swedish Queen Christina wrote to Sobieski: "On this happy day, W.K., you have proved that you are not only worthy of the Polish crown, but even the whole world. The emperor did not take off his hat even when he was introduced to Prince Jakub or during the inspection of Polish troops. ![]() Despite the victory, the meeting of King Sobieski with Emperor Leopold I was rather cold. Stephen’s Square itself and the second – existing to this day – named “The Blue Bottle Coffee House".īLINDS AND SHADOWS OF FAME. After a year, the first Kulczycki cafe ceased to exist, but he opened two new ones: one on St. Everything changed when Kulczycki started adding milk and honey to the black infusion, becoming the inventor of coffee with milk. That is how the first Viennese cafe open on Domgasse Street – although it was not very popular at the beginning. several hundred bags of coffee, which was confiscated from the Turks. As a form of a reward, King Sobieski allowed him to take any wartime prize of his choosing. After the Battle of Vienna, Kulczycki became a hero both among Poles and the Viennese, who rewarded him with a handsome sum and a house on Leopoldstadt. The latter told him about the approaching relief of Sobieski's troops, which restored the soldiers' hope and let them survive in their seized positions. After a few weeks of fighting, when some defenders started losing their strength and morale, Kulczycki, after reaching an agreement with the mayor of the city, disguised himself as a Turkish soldier and sneaked through the enemy's camp to talk to Prince Charles V. Jerzy Franciszek Kulczycki, a polyglot and employee of the Eastern Trade Company, was stuck in the siege of Vienna, to which he had come for commercial purposes. One of the effects of the Battle of Vienna was. The victory of the Crown’s troops, commanded by Sobieski, helped him to sit on the Polish throne a year later.ĬOFFEE. The Lion of Lechistan – this nickname Jan Sobieski received from the Turks and Tatars as a hetman after the Battle of Chocim fought against them. The letters themselves were called preserves or fruit, and their love – oranges. For fear of being exposed, lovers used pseudonyms – when referring to themselves as well as others. That is why the letters that Jan and his wife, Maria Kazimiera, whom heaffectionately called Marysieńka, wrote to each other in numerous periods of separation in 1665-1683, contained a meticulous analysis of their feelings. Under its influence, he even wanted to buy a property in Provence! The purchase did not take place, but Sobieski drew from the conviction that perfect love is expressed by conveying, in detail, in feelings when conversing but also, ideally, in correspondence. One of the most important literary works for him was "Astrea" – the pastoral novel of Honorius d'Urfé published in 1632. Jan III Sobieski was a passionate reader of French romance novels. Therefore, after breaking the enemy's lines, the hussars were joined by lighter formations of light cavalrymen, foreign formations (organised differently) as well as infantry. ![]() Though it actually played a key role in some battles it needed to be complemented by smarter and more agile forces. The idea of identifying a Polish soldier from the era exclusively with the hussar is misleading, however - hussars, heavy winged cavalry was not as numerous as we like to think, nor was it self-sufficient. Soldiers on horses, decorated with bird's wings, armour covered with wild animal skins and armed from head to toe, they were visible on the battlefields and often the subject of vivid discussion between foreigners. Of all Polish military units, the hussars made the biggest impression. ![]()
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